Choose what you want Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pick what you need - Coursework Example The DIAD has additionally been put under tests that most cell phones can't endure, and these incorporate; heat, cool, heavy downpour and drop from six feet. UPS’s interest in IT will assist it with accomplishing vital business destinations in the accompanying manners. Monetary Strategic Objectives: UPS will have the option to accomplish its budgetary destinations since interest in IT will win it increasingly faithful clients. More clients mean more benefits and UPS will encounter a budgetary development. Client Strategic Objectives: by putting resources into IT, UPS is improving its customer’s administration approach. Clients are appreciating working with UPS with each innovative headway that they make. Consumer loyalty is imperative to client maintenance and getting new clients. Operational Strategic Objectives: UPS’s interest in IT will see the bundle conveyance organization develop into the most innovatively propelled organization and in this way will consistently be in front of its rivals in the market. Their administrations will likewise be of elevated requirement because of the effectiveness of IT in business, for instance, the utilization of cameras to archive the degree of harm on a bundle will improve the treatment of bundles by the drivers. In addition, UPS will have the option to acknowledge improved correspondence with the improvement in IT that is significant in the advancement of operational key destinations as correspondence between a client and the organization improves the effectiveness of any business. Eventually, learning Strategic Objective: drivers utilized by UPS need to figure out how to utilize the new innovation in bundle conveyance and they must be acceptable at it. Great execution by the drivers and other staff individuals be ing used of IT in their activity. The organization will, subsequently, have the option to accomplish its Learning Strategic Objectives via preparing its representatives on developing patterns in the IT

How to Write My Research Paper

How to Write My Research PaperMany people are asked how to write my research paper. One of the most common questions I get is how do I make it to be more meaningful. Even though the paper is for a specific topic, I still have many students asking me how to write my research paper so that it has more meaning. For those that want to make this paper more meaningful, I will show you how to achieve this in a short article.When I ask people how to write my research paper, they tend to answer differently. Some say that they want to write a research paper that is interesting to read. Some say that they want to make the paper come across as being more personal. Some may even want to write the paper to be more unique and original. What most students don't want to hear about is actually how to make the paper more meaningful. The reason for this is that they just don't know how to make it be more meaningful.When you are writing an academic essay, you already know that it is supposed to make the reader reflect on their own knowledge and education. The paper is supposed to build up and strengthen the student's knowledge base. That is why it is important to make the paper engaging and appealing. If you want to make your paper more meaningful, the first thing you should know is that you need to connect the writing to the reader.What do I mean by this? Well, when I answer the question of how to write my research paper, I usually start by showing the reader an idea, and then I encourage them to think about the idea. After which, I encourage them to think about why this idea is relevant to them.This is a great way to engage the reader. It is not as easy as you think. The problem with this approach is that there are often many assumptions that may be made by the reader about the type of paper you are doing. The reader may think that you are making the paper just for them and that it is not worth the time.The best way to address this is to try and explain the concept to them. If yo u fail, try to research other examples from similar topics and write down examples that relate to your own paper. Once you find the examples, try to mimic how it was written. Try to look at the examples that you have just copied and compare them to your own paper. Try to incorporate your own opinions and ideas into the paper as well.The basic idea here is to help the reader see that the paper isn't just written for them. If you want to make your paper more meaningful, you need to first work on the comprehension of the students. Once the student has understood the concepts that you have used, you can move on to the part where you add in your own opinion.You don't want to make the paper too long; this is something that may discourage the students and cause them to lose interest in your paper. However, if you are able to keep it simple and use few ideas from others, it will be a lot easier for you to write the paper.

Resume Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Resume - Assignment Example The key qualities that I accept will upgrade secure this position incorporates: With a BS degree in Nuclear Medicine Technology, I have full comprehension of the tests just as the instruments associated with atomic medication. I additionally have involvement with exceeding expectations being used of new innovations in the field of medication. I am encasing my accreditation certifications, my resume, and two references to upgrade you get to extra data on my experience. â€Å"The Community Cancer Center (CCC) is one of the private, abundant, non-benefit, network claimed and worked disease treatment facilities† (Community Cancer Center) that was shaped in mid 1980. CCC is extremely one of a kind. This is proof by its absence of association to legislative, political, or strict associations. It is additionally free of any help from any clinic or clinical association. Moreover, it plays out its jobs with no help from charge dollars. All these add to it working totally towards improving the accomplishment of the network. â€Å"The CCC is administered by a deliberate, 30-part Board of Trustees† (Community Cancer Center). Its regulatory obligations are completed by an official chief who directs a staff of 22 just as low maintenance workers. Doctor administrations are offered by 2 freely utilized oncologists. CCC offers backing to the individuals who do not have the possibility to buy required medications. It offers wholesome just as psychosocial advising to those needing the administration. A van possessed by the middle just as the driver utilized by the inside partake in shipping patients who come up short on the capacity of getting to clinical focuses. As indicated by Bruce Hanna who was the previous leader of the Community Cancer Foundation, the way of thinking of the CCC is to â€Å"To give trust, when life is tested by disease and to think about all who need it in

Dioneo Narrator of Controversy in the Decameron - Literature Essay Samples

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Gay, Gay And Lesbian - 1816 Words

One of the latest genres of the visual arts, photography has had a close association with gay and lesbian culture since its establishment in the nineteenth century. Queer by definition means strange or odd from a conventional viewpoint; unusually different. But then again as a slang word in the LGBT community it means homosexual or noting or relating to a person who does not conform to a normative sexual orientation or gender identity. The concept of gay photography is enigmatic. While a person can be described as homosexuals by sexual preference or gay consciousness, an inanimate object such as a photograph cannot. I will be exploring how gay and lesbian themes are influencing photography though looking at pinnacle photographers at the†¦show more content†¦In figure one the image does show two men holding each other in an intimate way, certainly not how two straight men would pose for a photo. They look blissful and content, this is probably the first photo they would have taken together and I believe this is one of the first images every produced of a gay couple. It creates an unusual warmth to the image. The background in the image reminds me of a forbidden forest, I’m unsure of the photographer but I like to think that there’s controversial meaning to the background and the couple present. Wilhelm Von Gloeden (1836-1931) was one of the first to treat photography as an independent art form and share his own private view of heaven with cultured networks and fellow homosexuals across the world. â€Å"With a clearly defined aesthetic and a sure sense of his own artistry, von Gloeden abandoned scenic postcard photography to become the foremost proponent of a kind of purely pictorial photography which, for its day, was revolutionary.† (Haggerty, 2000, pp. 687–687). Using photography for own artist expression is natural and encouraged in these days, but back in that time, the ‘real’ artists ignored this form of photography. But by 1887, the public and critics began to understand real pictorial photography and understand what the photographer was trying to relate to whether a feeling or a story or a lifestyle. The development of this kind of photography lead the documentary artists like Berenice Abbott to photograph gay,

The VA Health Care System Essay - 1079 Words

The VA (Veterans Affair) Health Care System is one of the largest, most advanced health care networks in the U.S. The VA Health Care System is the provider for veterans, retirees and their dependents and manages all their health care. The VA Health Care is actually one part of the Department of Veterans Affairs. There is also VA Benefits Administration which has to do with compensations and pensions. Then the other part of the VA is the National Cemetery Administration which is in charge of the cemeteries and providing burial and memorial benefits. All these parts make up the Department of Veterans Affairs. (VA History) In 1636 the â€Å"Pilgrims passed a law which stated that disabled soliders would be supported by the colony.† (VA History)†¦show more content†¦These facilities provide a broad spectrum of medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care. Then in 1973 the National Cemetery System (except Arlington National Cemetery) was transferred to the Veterans Administration from the department of the Army. The VA was charged with operating the Cemetery System this includes marking all the graves of veterans in national and state cemetery’s and administering the State Cemetery Grants Program. The Department of Veterans Affairs was established as a cabinet-level position on march 15 1989 under President Bush (senior), he addressed the creation of this new department saying, â€Å" there is only one place for the veterans of America, in the cabinet room, at the table with the President of the United States of America.† (VA History) One of the services the VA offers to veterans is Pensions. To receive pension benefits a veteran must be a low income individual, either permanently or totally disabled, or age 65 or older who has served more than 90 days of active military service with at least one during a period of war. (VA)This 90 days of active duty servitude does not apply to veterans whom have been discharged due to a service-connected disability. If a veteran was discharged under conditions other than dishonorable or the disability is a result of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Organizations Respective Industry1213 Words   |  5 Pages2012). As a result, organizations utilize an all-encompassing strategy that takes into consideration a number of variables that could influence the growth of the organization. TIME Analysis: Department of Veterans The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides non-medical and medical benefits to service men and women with honorable or medical discharges from the military. In the 1920’s the three separate Federal agencies: the Veterans Bureau, the Bureau of Pensions of the Interior Department, andRead MoreVeteran Affairs Patient Satisfaction From Outside Reports933 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States and only 9 million veterans are enrolled in the VA. Only 5 million veterans actually received care during 2014’s fiscal year. â€Å"In a given year, not every VA-enrolled veteran receives VA health care services. Some veterans may opt not to seek care during the year, while others may receive care outside the VA system, paying for care using private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, the military health system† These are astonishing numbers considering the rising costs ofRead MoreImproving Veterans Access For Care1645 Words   |  7 PagesAccess to Care What is the problem? The Department of Veteran’s Affairs (VA) has been tasked with providing support and benefits to Veterans after they have completed their service. However, many Veterans are reporting difficulty accessing care due to systematic barriers within the VA’s Veterans Health Administration (Oliver, 2007). Complex eligibility requirements, long wait lists and lack of providers are a few of the issues Veterans are faced with when trying to access health and mental health careRead MoreThe Heart Of A Healthcare System975 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare system is to ensure timely access to care and to ensure optimal outcomes in differing levels of disparity in healthcare. The Veteran Health Administration has made system wide transformation to expand access to care; however, women veterans continue to experience sub-standardized care as compared to men (Washington, 2011). Women veterans’ lack of substantial income, knowledge to Veteran (VA) eligibility and services, identif ied this group as a vulnerable population in the VA system. By utilizingRead MoreThe Department Of Veterans Affairs1654 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen kind to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). News in April that several VA facilities were causing veterans to wait months for health care, and some VA officials forced employees to keep fake records to conceal the delays. Gregg Zoroya notes that there were also allegations that the deaths of 40 veterans were caused by the delays at the Phoenix VA hospital, although the VA contends that they were not â€Å"conclusively† linked. Nonetheless, VA Secretary Eric Shinseki resigned less than a monthRead MoreVeterans Swot Analysis1344 Words   |  6 PagesDepartment of Veterans Affairs The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was founded in 1930, and today, â€Å"operates one of the largest health care delivery systems in the nation, with 168 medical centers and more than 1,000 outpatient facilities organized into regional networks† (GAO, 2017). The VA employs nearly 350,000 people at its facilities and serves approximately 9 million veterans each year (VA, 2017). SWOT ANALYSIS GRID STRENGTHS: (Internal) †¢ Employee training/educationRead MoreHistory Of Health Care Reform895 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Health Care Reform Our country has been on the cusp of health care reform several times throughout history. It has evolved from strictly a patient and physician system to numerous other parties in the equation from patients, physicians, hospitals, insurance carriers and government programs to name a few. The latest health care reform came with passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) signed into law on March 23, 2010. This new law is a conglomerate of the manyRead MorePublic Veterans Should Not Have A Good Support Network Of Family1473 Words   |  6 Pageswhich my individual interviews point to as well. Conclusions and Recommendations Practically all older men used some health care, as did about three in four younger nonveterans or veterans not in VA care. West and Weeks (2009) states that Veterans in VA care were more likely than other health care consumers to use each major category of service, but less likely to have commercial health insurance, particularly if they were rural residents. West and Weeks (2009) further confirms that nearly all men 65Read MoreImplementing The New Health Care Reform870 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are active in adopting the new health care reform. An analysis of the new reform and its impact on the VA should be studied. These factors can play a major role in the decisions to be made when making changes in Ms. Patton’s area of control. Care should be integrated, and incentives should be aligned to the well-being of the enrolled population. The fundamental objective of implementation of the transition plan should be improving patient health. Primary care should be a major focus, and the goalRead MoreDepartment Of Veterans Affairs Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesyears since the latest VA scandals were brought into the light by sympathetic whistleblowers and there are still reports of corruption in the highest ranks of the VA and veterans continue to be denied quality health care that they have earned. Millions of veterans have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (http://www.va.gov/vetdata/Quick_Facts.asp). Research has shown that service members that are returning from fighting in the war on terror are coming home with countless health problems including Post

The Tale of Captain Bookbeard an Account of Book Piracy free essay sample

The Tale of Captain BookBeard: An account of Book Piracy A bibliophilic stroll in the streets and lanes of Kolkata is bound to get across the cries of Captain BookBeard coming from the Sea of Poppies1, The Sea of Monsters2 and The Ship of Stars3, and as one starts to wonder about the whereabouts of this ever present, as almost in every pavementbookstalls, yet elusive pirate lord, a tale starts to emerge as the tip of a stealthy ice-berg which dwells in the heart of the world of letters. Book piracy, a comparatively unknown and unfelt form of socio-economic cancer, is the common disease of every nation. But its effect is visible mostly in the developing ones, where the lack of proper implementation of law, huge disparityridden economy, rise in literacy rate and the growing cosmopolitan literary taste creates a perfect biome for the broadsides of pirate-ships to devastate the publishing houses and book-sellers selling un-pirated copies. No right to copy! Innovations require incentives this is the basic idea behind the idea of ‘copyright’ that protects a writer’s work from being copied, printed and distributed without his/her prior permission, through legal sanction. Book piracy comes under the broader spectrum of ‘copyright infringement’ which includes such creative fields like songs, films, software, etc. Though, it had existed from the end of the 15th century, when competing printers started to use unfair practices, thus far before anything even close to a copyright law has been adopted anywhere. Britain was the first nation to legally designate the issue of protecting the right over one’s own creativity, and in 1709 through the Statute of Anne (enforced on the next year) in Great Britain, the authors got some protection as far production of reprints of their works was concerned and through the gradual evolution in the successive years like Engravers Act of 1735 and Copyright 1 2 Fiction/novel by Amitabh Ghosh Fiction/novel by Rick Riordan 3 Fiction/novel y Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch 2 Act of 1842 to name a few, in 1911 came the Imperial Copyright Act that became somewhat the benchmark of copyright laws all over the world and soon other nations followed suit. It’ll be imperative to note that copyright based industries helps both the economic and creative fronts of any society. The Indian scenario Print industry in India is one of the most well established and oldest media forms in the country. It is more than a century old and is one of the only two growing print industries in the whole world besides the USA4 with near about 19,000 publishers publishing 90,000 titles per year that, according to estimation of Shakti Malli, president of the Federation of Indian Publishers, is currently â€Å"worth Rs. 80 billion and it is growing by over 15 percent every year. †5 What was once a Rs. 330 crore export industry in 1991 has blossomed into Rs. 4. 6 billion global force post globalization of Indian economy and industry. Both the post-colonial status and the globalization of education, perception and media, factors behind 45 per cent of titles being published in India to be in English, placing the country behind only the U. S. and the U. K. as the third largest publisher of English books in the world. And this includes not only magazines, newspapers and textbooks, but fiction too (though its percentage is lower as compared to the other genres) that includes prose and poetry of foreign and Indian writers (both includes translated works too) ranging from classics to contemporary bestsellers. Thus this fruition of Indian publishing industry, taking a rather ironic tone, shows to be a brooding place for copyright infringement, ranging from minor violations to naked piracy. 1847 saw the British Governor-General Sir Henry Hardinge issuing the first copyright law in India that was replaced by the 1911’s Imperial Copyright Act which finally got transformed and developed into independent India’s first copyright act, the Act of 1957 (came into effect on 1958) which in turn, through many amendments, resulted into the present day laws being 4 â€Å"Business Profile of Print Industry†, by MICA, Ahmedabad (Sep 2009), www. echno-preneur. net/information-desk/sciencetech-magazine/2009/september09/print. pdf (accessed on 25/10/11) 5 â€Å"India’s Book Publishing Industry Booming†, Boulevard India blog archive, boulevardindia. com/2006/09/28/indias-book-publishing-industry-booming/ (accessed on 25/10/11) 3 enforced. In India, copyright on a literary wo rk is provided for the lifetime of the author plus sixty years. Though this has been changed upon special government rulings, as in the case of Rabindranath Tagore, the rule is to be strictly maintained by the publishing houses until any work comes into the public domain. The Buccaneers’ business Like the infamous cut-throats of the old, the new age buccaneers ravage the calm seas of publishing industry by incurring a loss of about 25 percent of their total business in India that in the fiction-genre alone is about 400 crores! R. Gopalan, the Director of Indian Institute of Publishing, Chennai says â€Å"Asian and Latin American countries, according to international book publishers, are the countries where book piracy has assumed alarming dimensions. The interAmerican Publishers Group estimates that globally about 50 billion book pages are illegally reprinted every year! †6 Their ships roam many lane and by-lanes of all of the major and minor metros of the nation and even in the domain of internet though the new-age malice of eBookpiracy. The crew of BookBeard are those who are neither the legal copyright holders, nor anyone authorized by them, but still carries on with the printing, binding and distribution of literary works that robs the publisher of legitimate money and the writer of his creative due and the money from royalty. The latter case becomes even more caustic when sometimes pirated books either carry no name of its true author, or carry a fake name along with a fake title, either just to make it harder to detect in the eyes of the vigilant authority or Lord knows why! A peep into the pavement-bookstalls of Gariahat in Kolkata, to the amazement of the beholder, found an edition of White Tiger7 with no mention of its author’s name and even a spurious book named Chatalogues of Detection, again without any author’s name mentioned, which turned out really to be a copy of Rushdie’s Luka and the Fire of Life upon being flipped through the pages! Gopalan, R. â€Å"The bane of book piracy† The Hindu, Jun 01, 2003 http://www. hindu. com/thehindu/lr/2003/06/01/stories/2003060100490700. htm (accessed on 26/10/11) 7 Fiction/novel by Arvind Adiga 4 In India, government is the largest publisher with the NCERT, different state board’s publishers, NBT, etc. taken together8, both in terms of titles published and number of copies being published and also in the value of production. Government publication is related mostly to educational textbooks. But, it simply cannot meet the huge rise in demand owing to population explosion and rise in literacy rate and this ultimately results in the shortage of text books every year; added to this comes the unscrupulous practice of book-traders who deliberately hoard many copies, later to be black-marketed in higher price than that’s printed, thus further widening the gulf between demand and supply. Here comes the pirate man-of-wars to fill that gulf by producing cheap but unauthorized editions that not only hampers the government publishing houses but also, as a curious surprise, sometimes leads to the curbing of the black-marketers. Rather an un-valorous duel between robbers and pirates! In Kolkata, the hoarding of NCERT text-books has received the full brunt of BookBeard’s sixteen-pounders by the rise in sell of pirated NCERT editions in College Street, RajpurSonarpur, etc. But, the quality of these pirated copies, as with other pirated works as well, is generally of very low quality, and the students have to bear with them on account of government’s failure to produce enough number of copies and also in regulating the increase of corruption in book-trade. On 29th April 2008 the Kolkata Police raided a warehouse at Amherst Street in north Kolkata and found over 4,500 pirated English and Environment Science text books of Classes V-X originally issued by the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education and arrested a man, but failed to arrest any of the kingpins, nor did they unearth the complete racket that ran the whole business. 9 Piracy in books has four main different forms: i) wholesale reprinting of trade text books, ii) unauthorized translations, iii) commercial photocopying of books and journals and iv) distribution of free eBooks. And while the first two are very difficult to track owing to their clandestine modus operandi, the third one happens so nakedly all over the country, mainly near big educational institutions, and in ways very scattered, that in spite of being open to the eyes of law, is prevalent due to lack of awareness in public and agents of law enforcement alike. The 8 â€Å"Study on copyright piracy in India†, Ministry of HRD, govt. of India, education. nic. in/cr_piracy_study/cpr. sp (accessed on 25/10/11) 9 â€Å"Raid nets cache of pirated textbooks† The Telegraph, Apr 30, 2008 http://www. telegraphindia. com/1080430/jsp/calcutta/story_9207036. jsp (accessed on 26/10/11) 5 problem with the last one is in the very porous nature of internet itself that makes it the most difficult of the four to track and prevent. Educational institutions turn blind eyes to reprography the method of obtaining copies of a book through photocopying, happening in their vicinities. Students of any developing country, like India, can ill-afford to buy all of the required books, so they either photocopy parts of books that they get from libraries or from a single copy bought, or get the whole codex copied and have them bound spirally to ultimately get an edition that’s generally less than half the price of the original book. The exact loss of publishing business that occurs through this is almost impossible to gauge owing to the vastness of the country and the sheer large number of photocopying parlours everywhere. Under section 63 of the Copyright Act of India it is a punishable offence. India’s economic parity vis-a-vis the demographic chart is very much misbalanced. The rise of inflation, rapid globalization and urbanization has led to the steep rise in the cost of books as compared to many other commodities. This is a major factor behind Captain BookBeard’s rise. The other being the demand of current bestsellers, text-books and classics alike due to the increase in education among people. The high demand of works by Amitabh Ghosh, Coelho, Rowling, Chetan Bhagat, Ryand, Sheldon, Dan Brown etc. ublished mainly by houses of Harper Collins, Penguin, Random House, Bloomsbury, etc. leads to high prices of the copies that vary between Rs. 300-800 depending on the edition. But in Park Street, Gariahat, College Street, Howrah, Rajpur-Sonarpur one can get pirated editions that are initially demanded for about Rs. 200 but, can be bought for Rs. 80-100 after lengthy and heated bargaining that involves cutlass salvoes and blunderbuss parries of verbal blow between the customer and stall-owner. Indeed some resurrected sea-battle of the far-west! As far as fictional bestsellers are concerned, right after a title, that is pegged to be a run-away bestseller (or even lesser known or scholarly works), is released in the market, agents of the pirates get their hand on few copies, and from this original piece many copies are printed in multiple small rotary and offset presses, after being scanned, in a rash and hastily bound to hit the market merely a week or so after the first release. Slowly the time lag in between is decreasing, and that is increasing the amplitude of alarm that the publishers are facing. These batches of pirated copies that appear when the book is still in hot demand are inferior in quality of pages, printing, proper alignment of impression, binding, cover, etc. due to the haste in 6 capturing the market as soon as possible. But the pirate batches that gradually come out from presses after the heat of demand has mellowed down are of much superior quality, but still Rs. 0-50 lesser than the first batch copies, and sometimes it becomes very hard to tell the difference between such a copy of pirated edition and a legal edition as not only the text is well printed, the cover, layout, barcodes everything echoes in ditto to the genuine edition. This is done because many publishers like Penguin, Rupa, Macmillan, etc. bring out low-priced editions of previously high-priced works gradually. But, even these low-priced editions are hit hard by piracy and c ontinue to lose business worth crores of rupees annually. And ironically, pirated books also have the warning, reproduction of this work is forbidden! Labyrinth of the Pirate Cave When contacted, most of the shop-owners selling pirated editions refused blatantly to shed any light upon the mysterious whereabouts of captain BookBeard. Of course, the fear of police loomed large as from time to time the police have successfully arrested many pirated dealers, seized and destroyed many pirated copies and even raided such presses that produce illegal works. On Nov 18, 2005, the Economic Offenses Wing of the Delhi Police busted a book piracy racket, seized and destroyed over 23,000 books and arrested a person10. They found that the most pirated titles are international booksellers and educational books of such publishers like Oxford and Cambridge University Presses, The Publishers Association, Penguin, etc. Another very important incident happened on Sept 25, 2009 that shed much light on the organization and working of book-piracy rackets in India when the Bangalore City Crime Branch sleuths unearthed a huge inter-state racket of piracy and arrested three persons11; they also raided two places in Mahalakshmi Layout and Laggere where illegal printing of books was being done. The police found that more than 150 titles were illegally printed there and later distributed to sellers and footpath vendors. Police recovered copies of The Lost Symbol12, Jinnah: India, Partition, 10 â€Å"Book piracy racket busted, RS. 1-cr haul† The Times of India, Nov 19, 2005 articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2005-11-19/delhi/27864288_1_book-piracy-racket-akash-chittranshi-penguinbooks-india (accessed on 27/10/11) 11 â€Å"Major book piracy racket busted† The Times of India, Sep 25, 2009 articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. om/2009-09-25/bangalore/28059890_1_book-piracy-harry-potter-series-versions (accessed on 27/10/11) 12 Fiction/novel by Dan Brown 7 Independence13, the Harry Potter14 series, and many other books. The police recovered over 7,300 books and wrappers, text sheets and papers and offset plates, mobile phones and vehicles used to transport the books. But from a shop-owner in Sonarpur and another in Gariahat partial information has been successful ly collected upon their conditions that they will be disclosing no names and mention no specific locations. Still this much is clear that around 8-10 years ago the production of pirated books took place mainly in south-east Asia, places in Maharasthra-Gujarat area and also some near Karachi in Pakistan; it was from those places that the unbound pages were smuggled either through the Western sea-board or Bangladesh-Paschim Banga borders and then bound in local warehouses. But now with the widespread use of computer-scanner technology, fast development of technological and ergonomic infrastructure in India and the rise in use of small rotary presses and small offset presses has almost reversed the entire modus operandi. Thus, now almost all of pirated books sold in India are printed, bound and distributed here, and they are even smuggled out to reach the nations of Bangladesh and Nepal. The books are printed in warehouse-complexes in and around major and minor metros, reflecting maybe conditions that harks back the early ages of printing, but albeit now with cutting-edge tech, cut and bound inside the same godowns, covers are made by superior laser printing and then they come out of the pirate cave’s labyrinth of secrecy and reach the stalls in many odd corners of our cities and suburbs. Tale of Two Cities Before old man Dickens gets a heart attack in his grave, this isn’t about London and Paris, but about Kolkata and Dhaka, the twin daughters of Bengali tongue! It may be of very little surprise that it’s this language of Bengali that has become the corridor of huge trans-border piracy, because the commonality of language and rise in urban-educated population in both the cities makes them an easily profitable hunting ground for BookBeard’s Jolly Rogers. According to a 13 14 Fiction/novel by Jaswant Singh Fiction/novel series by J. K. Rowling 8 PTI article in Times of India (Feb 08,2002)15, the director of Bangladesh’s National Book Centre said â€Å"piracy of Bangladeshi books in India is not uncommon. We take action as per law whenever we received any specific complaints. † But he failed to even roughly quantify the losses incurred by Bangladeshi publishers, based mostly in and around Dhaka and other major cities, due to the lack of substantial evidence and successive statistical data. But one thing was clear, the language being same in Bangladesh and Paschim Banga, the Bangladeshi pirates were selling their wares not only in their home-market, but also ‘exporting’ them across the extremely porous border to be sold in places like Kolkata, its suburbs, Asansol, etc. Quite an example of international business in a parallel economy! Upon being asked regarding this, that stall-owner in Sonarpur, mentioned previously, provided the facts that the return of profit from selling such books is generally higher than those pirated books that are printed in India, owing perhaps to the fact that both manufacturing and labour cost in Bangladesh, related to piracy, are significantly lower than what is here in India. A very interesting information to say the least when the bribes paid during smuggling the batches across the border are taken into account! He also gave the important information that of the authors whose books are pirated in from Bangladesh are Taslima Nasrin, Alfred Khokon, Humayun Ahmed, etc. and that transborder pirated books are only fictional novels and poetry collections. A strange book available in his shop was an unauthorized English-translation of Taslima Nasrin’s novel Forashi Premik under the title French Lover, without Nasrin’s name or the translators name being mentioned, for just Rs. 120 (surely would have been cheaper upon bargaining! whereas the legally translated version of the work as published by Penguin Books India would have cost Rs. 299! But this is not the only dimension of the problem as rampant book piracy in Bangladesh had led to monumental losses to Indian (mainly Kolkata-based) publishers to the tune of crores of rupees, as many spurious publication syndicates centering in Dhaka publishes illegal copies of books originally published in Paschim Banga and also stories, novellas, p oetries published in magazines. Bestselling Bengali popular riters like Sunil Gangopadhyay, Buddhadeb Guha, Sirshendu Mukhopadhyay, Mahashweta Devi, Shankar, Sanjeev Chattopadhyay have suffered huge losses in royalty. â€Å"Piracy has become a major problem for us. Five years ago, we used to 15 â€Å"Bangladeshi books being pirated in Bengal† The Times of India, articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2002-02-08/india/27108730_1_bangladeshi-books-piracy (accessed on 27/10/11) 9 export books worth Rs 1. 5 crore annually to Bangladesh. This has now come down to just Rs 25 lakh,† says Badal Basu, chief of Ananda Publishers (Kolkata) in a 2001 report in Outlook India titled The Printer Devils16. Even Probir Majumder, owner of Deb Sahitya Kutir said that his firm’s exports to Bangladesh have dropped by 75 per cent during the years 1995-2000 because of piracy. Some of the reasons being that Indian publishers generally hike the price of bestselling items around 30 percent in successive editions, the looseness of legal structure in Bangladesh, porosity of the border. And last, but far from being the least, are the Indian pirate lords who too print large quantities of Bengali books and ‘export’ them ‘abroad’ into the rising bibliophilic markets of Bangladesh. All in all, Bengali book exports to Bangladesh have dropped a worrisome 80 per cent due to piracy during 2000-2001 alone. Even novellas published in festival-editions are put between covers and unauthorizedly printed and sold in Kolkata and Dhaka. An incident mentioned in the aforesaid article will illustrate this quite well: â€Å"popular Bengali author Sunil Gangopadhyay wrote a novella for the festival issue of a leading Bengali magazine. A few weeks later, he chanced upon a bound copy of the same novella in a Calcutta bookshop. Gangopadhyay was vexed: he had not given the novella’s copyright to any publisher. Then friends told him that the pirated copies had been published from Bangladesh and had already sold a few thousand copies in that country. † The story is similar in Bangladesh too where such copies arrive from India. Many other contemporary Bengali writers both from Paschim Banga and across the border share the same plight, for e. g. the legalized sale of Sirshendu Mukhopadhyay books have dropped by 10 per cent because of the exploits of captain BookBeard and his bengalicized crew. The ‘leafy’ Web More than 500 years have passed since the days of Gutenberg, but were he alive today he would have been shocked to see the newest avatar of the book that isn’t an inanimate object anymore but is supposed to sing, show video clippings, slide in and out and even be a chameleon in changing colours! It’s of course the eBook. Meant to be read in computers or hand-held varieties 16 Dubey, Sujoy â€Å"The Printer Devils†, www. outlookindia. com/article. aspx? 211183 (accessed on 28/10/11) 10 of eBook readers, its popularity is growing by the turns of the clock and in the last quarter of 2010 alone, Amazon. om sold more eBooks than their physical version. The sale of eBooks in USA alone was USD 119,700,000 for the third quarter of 2010. That’s up from USD 4,900,000 for the same quarter in 2006, a jump of almost 25%17 and despite facing the challenges of rupee appreciation, talent crunch and emergence of newer media, Indian e-publishing industry is estimated to gro w annually by 35 percent and offer a USD 1. 46 billion outsourcing opportunity by 201018. IDPF (International Digital Publishing Forum) statistics showed that the US e-book sales revenues have shot to $60 million in the first quarter of 2010. 9 The country has long been a destination for publishing outsourcing as Indians were sought for their superior grasp of the language, and availability of low-cost talent. Sadly, the same applies to the rampant rise in eBook piracy too. Piracy, along with the temporal world has gone digital. Unlike the world of poor mortals, the virtual world is limitless, too labyrinthian in codes to be properly mapped and with the galactic rise in the number of servers around the world, showing a future of infinite bytes of capacity. Due to the inherent nature of the internet, the amount of digital piracy has been difficult to chart properly, thus publishers aren’t aware of the exact losses that they are incurring for the wrath of e-BookBeard. Consumers, wanting to find free copies of eBooks, have switched from P2P networking technologies to file sharing sites, also known as Cyberlockers which allow anyone with a browser to upload and share content and are very difficult to track and virtually impossible to block, owing to the migrant nature of server-shifting. One can search for the pirated and free eBooks via search engines leading to the cyberlockers and download the files to the reading device of one’s choice and through such piracy platforms one can download a few thousand books in less than an hour. Added to that there had been the digital nemesis of copyright, the ‘Kraken’ of copyright infringement – called ‘Torrents’. A form of client sharing system, where one can download, seed, distribute data, including movies, songs, eBooks, etc. without any fear 17 Pratap, â€Å"Ebook piracy- do publishers need to be worried? Bookgenie Blog, Published Apr 15, 2011 www. bookgenie. in/blog/ebook-piracy. htm (accessed on 28/10/11) 18 â€Å"Indian E publishing industry poised for huge growth†, Offshoring Times 2008, www. offshoringtimes. com/Pages/2008/BPO_news2012. html (accessed on 28/10/11) 19 Varanasi, Madhabi â€Å"Online Treat† The Times of India, Bangalore May 17, 2010 Section: ‘Te ch A Tete’ Pg. 20 epaper. timesofindia. com/Repository/ml. asp? Ref=VE9JQkcvMjAxMC8wNS8xNyNBcjAyMDAw (accessed on 28/10/11) 11 of digitally being sniped by the authorities. Thus, amassing thousands of eBooks. A comparable print library would have taken years to build; and to buy legally would be perhaps impossible for any third world citizen with average income – thus making pirated eBooks definitely a huge temptation for any bibliophile! Firms, under the e-publishing houses or independently, are developing DRM (Digital Rights Management) technologies, sort of digitized signatures in products, to protect their content, limit the usage online and prevent unauthorized duplication. But, DRM can easily be decrypted and roken into by a pirate hacker, and in fact, most of the pirated versions of eBooks available right now on the internet once had DRM encryption tags. Since the arrival of the iPad, demand for both legal and pirated eBooks has increased by about 20%20. And the only weapon, though inherently blunt, available for e-publishers is ‘Attributor’ which is an online service that helps news websites and book publishers track illegal or pirated copies of their content on other sites by digitally ‘inking’ the occurrence of all the links for a particular eBook on piracy platforms like Rapidshare, Piratebay, etc. And that’s where the flaw lies; just because there’s a link on Piratebay that does not mean that the users are downloading it, and also it can’t count the exact number of downloads from a link posted in all cyberlockers, nor can it effectively break the seed-peering system of torrent data-sharing. Hence, it results in flawed and inconclusive data. Charting the Digital Seas To map the whereabouts of the digitized fleet of BookBeard has been the most difficult and the best available work done in this field had been done by the Attributor web-group in their study: The State of Online Book Piracy Q2 2011. 1 It involved a compilation of a list of top 25 file hosting website from where anyone can download eBooks without having to pay any share to the book publisher and the list also included popular sites like Scribd. com, DocStoc and WattPad. 20 Lardinois, Frederic â€Å"Study: E-Book Piracy is on the Rise† www. readwriteweb. com/archives/study_pirated_e-books_ on_the_rise. php (accesed 30/10/11) 21 â€Å"The State of Online Book Piracy Q2 2011†, Attributor. com www. attributor. om/research/books/235-the-state-of-online-book-piracy-q2-2011 (accessed on 30/10/11) 12 Heres a that list of websites that offer pirated eBooks and their respective share in the piracy pie calculated based upon more than 53,000 book takedown notices sent. Pirated eBook Websites rapidshare. com 4shared. com esnips. com uploading. com mediafire. com hotfile. com megaupload. com scribd. com depositfiles. com filefactory. com ifile. it wattpad. com easy-share. com ziddu. com ioffer. com sharingmatrix. com letitbit. et docstoc. com kewlshare. com badongo. com midupload. com truly-free. org bitroad. net rapidshare. de box. net Share of book piracy 35. 6% 32. 7% 7. 4% 3. 7% 2. 4% 2. 1% 2. 1% 2. 0% 1. 5% 1. 2% 1. 1% 1. 1% 1. 0% 0. 8% 0. 6% 0. 6% 0. 6% 0. 6% 0. 5% 0. 4% 0. 4% 0. 4% 0. 4% 0. 4% 0. 4% But, this study doesn’t attempt to address the issue of deter mining to what degree pirated books represent financial loss to the industry as it does not estimate how many free downloads might 13 have otherwise resulted in a sale. 2 Still it did managed to find some key information that: i) The bestsellers are not always the most pirated, ii) eBook piracy occurs at all price points, so the most expensive books are not the only ones that are pirated, iii) The top cyberlockers, like Rapidshare, host less than 50% of the pirated content, iv) There are thousands of feeder pages that link to pirated content and it is increasing daily, v) While the USA has the highest number of infringements, it is clear that digital book piracy is a global issue and also prevalent in India, China, etc. nd, vi) The number of pages that link to pirated content increased 25% in just six months to reach a million pages – just for eBooks. And if torrent sites are included, like thepiratebay. org, btjunkie. org, seedpeer. com, newtorrents. info, monova. org, etc. then even the comprehension of the amount of e-piracy goes out of hand. Yo-ho-ho and a Bundle o’ Books! So, all in all eBook piracy is virtually unquantifiable. But, what about their real-world counterparts? Upon being asked, both the pavement pirates in Gariahat and Sonarpur told that their weekly business on pirated books anges from 100-200 pieces on an average. Of the types of books sold, the most belong to the genres of text-books, guide books, fiction, computer applications manuals, poetry, etc. And what about the sort of people who buy such books? Mostly students, young people, people for whom the material quality and ethicality comes after the textuality. Earlier, and in many cases even now, in general the bulk of pirated books are marred with low quality print and pages, inferior scan-and-print of the covers, blots of ink and misalignment roaming around pages here and there. But on one hand it must be admitted that even legalized publications come out with printing and binding defects, and on the other it is to be seen that book pirates have gradually but steadily been increasing the quality of their malicious products, helped by huge increase in trade and fast dissemination of technology in the developing nations. 22 Agarwal, Amit â€Å"List of Websites That Host Pirated eBooks†, Digital Inspiration labnol. org www. labnol. org/internet/pirated-ebook-websites/12620/ (accessed on 30/10/11) 4 Even to begin imagining a complete picture of book n eBook piracy will result in dizziness and nausea, and perhaps innovation, awareness and strict laws are the only medicines available to it. Awareness against reprography and book piracy (both in soft and hard copies) is needed in a widespread way, and these attempts to develop customer ethics must come in harmony with strict trade regulations and law enforcement on the part of government. Pirates thrive on publishers’ error. If publishers can make their books and eBooks available to a larger sphere of readers instantly, it can and will encourage readers to go for the authentic version. For example, releasing a bestseller first in the USA or UK and then releasing it worldwide after few weeks gives the pirates a healthy head-start in the meantime. Also releasing only the English version of eBooks and then waiting for a couple of years to release them in other languages isn’t smart and can only result in spurious ranslated versions on the net that are not only bad for the revenue and the authors’ royalty but also to the intellectual and educational appeal of that particular work. On the same line, the governmental publications must meet the demand of public and not create a huge demand-supply gap; and this may help to curb copyright infringement more than busting few piracy rackets here and there and burning a few thousands illegal books. Second is the issue of price. It’s common knowledge that most home users use pirated Microsoft Windows and other software products because of their hefty price tags. That leads to a big chunk of revenue lost for software industries. Instead, if they could bring the price of its products down, users would be encouraged to buy authentic products more and in the long run would be immensely profitable. The same goes for books and eBooks for which the publishers terrorize the readers with the notoriously exuberant, and increasing ever on with subsequent editions, price tag. Thus, there are and will be no Lieutenant Robert Maynard for this captain BookBeard, and unless awareness and reduction in corporate greed comes into play, the book buccaneers’ Jolly Roger will continue to flutter in every shadowy book-stall one meets in the mazes of city-lanes and their battle-cries will dissolve into all the urban eyes watching the sun go down, printed in haze and enigma. 15 Bibliography â€Å"Business Profile of Print Industry†, by MICA, Ahmedabad (Sep 2009), http://www. techno-preneur. et/information-desk/sciencetechmagazine/2009/september09/print. pdf (accessed on 25/10/11) â€Å"India’s Book Publishing Industry Booming†, Boulevard India blog archive, boulevardindia. com/2006/09/28/indias-book-publishing-industry-booming/ (accessed on 25/10/11) Gopalan, R. â€Å"The bane of book piracy† The Hindu, Jun 01, 2003 http://www. hindu. com/thehindu/lr/2003/06/01/stories/2003060100490700. htm (accessed on 26/10/11) â€Å"Study on copy right piracy in India†, sponsored by Ministry of HRD, govt. f India 1999, http://education. nic. in/cr_piracy_study/cpr. asp (accessed on 25/10/11) â€Å"Raid nets cache of pirated textbooks† The Telegraph, Apr 30, 2008 http://www. telegraphindia. com/1080430/jsp/calcutta/story_9207036. jsp (accessed on 26/10/11) â€Å"Book piracy racket busted, RS. 1-cr haul† The Times of India, Nov 19, 2005 http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2005-11-19/delhi/27864288_1_book-piracyracket-akash-chittranshi-penguin-books-india (accessed on 27/10/11) Major book piracy racket busted† The Times of India, Sep 25, 2009 http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2009-09-25/bangalore/28059890_1_book- 16 piracy-harry-potter-series-versions (accessed on 27/10/11) â€Å"Bangladeshi books being pirated in Bengal† The Times of India, http://articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2002-02-08/india/27108730_1_bangladeshibooks-piracy (accessed on 27/10/11) Dubey, Suj oy â€Å"The Printer Devils†, Outlook India Web Magazine, http://www. outlookindia. om/article. aspx? 211183 (accessed on 28/10/11) Pratap, â€Å"Ebook piracy- do publishers need to be worried? † Bookgenie Blog, Published Apr 15, 2011 http://www. bookgenie. in/blog/ebook-piracy. htm (accessed on 28/10/11) â€Å"Indian E publishing industry poised for huge growth†, Offshoring Times 2008, http://www. offshoringtimes. com/Pages/2008/BPO_news2012. html (accessed on 28/10/11) Varanasi, Madhabi â€Å"Online Treat† The Times of India, Bangalore May 17, 2010 Section: ‘Tech A Tete’ Pg. 20